The History of Virtue Names

Virtue names have come to be most closely associated with the Puritans, but they hardly started with this religious group. The Greeks and Romans were also big believers in the power that a name could hold. Gladiators and scholars alike often sought names that would protect their children from negative influences and imbue them with desirable traits, such as strength or wisdom. They hoped these traits would develop in their heirs as they grew up.

Many of the early names that would eventually shape the Indo-European name pool also reflected such prized virtues as wisdom, protection, and strength. The Teutonic element -mund, which formed such names as Edmund, Raymond, and Osmond, meant "peace" or "protector," and these names were all variations on this theme, meaning "wealthy protector" (Edmund), "divine protec­tor" (Osmond), and "counselor-protector" (Raymond).

By 1590, when the Puritan movement first developed as a sect of the Church of England, these names had largely been replaced by the names of saints and martyrs, as dictated by the Catholic Church, and then by the biblical names that were embraced by the Church of England. However, even these names were too evocative of the Catholic Church for the Puritans, and they began to baptize their children with phrases from Scripture or pious admonitions. In time, they also adopted words that reflected abstract virtues as names.

The Things They Carried

When the Puritans fled to America to escape religious persecution in England, they brought their virtue and phrase names with them. Most of the phrase or admonishment names—like Fly-fornication, Search-the-scriptures, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, and Makepeace—were so extreme that they never came into general use. Some of the less vitriolic names were accepted, especially the ones with meanings that emphasized positive virtues, including:

• Amity: Based on the Latin for "friendship" or "love," it's pretty old-fashioned today but could be an interesting alternative to Amy.

• Charity: One of the three cardinal virtues taught by Jesus Christ, it's never near the top of the name lists but it never fades entirely from sight either.

• Faith: Another cardinal virtue but a bit more popular than the others. Current bearers of this name include newscaster and talk show host Faith Daniels, actress Faith Ford, and singer Faith Hill. In 1997, this name was popular enough to rank just below the top 100 on the most popular name list.

• Grace: The Puritans used this word to describe the state of being in God's favor rather than a reflec­tion of pleasant physical attributes. This name is in broad enough use to rank 70th on the top 100 names for 1998, and could come on even stronger as more parents search for homespun, old-fashioned-sounding names.

• Honor: Maybe more popular as Honora however, rarely used in either form today.

• Hope: The third cardinal virtue and one that has seen a revival in the past 10 years or so, possibly due to the use of the name on the popular late 80s television showThirty something.

• Joy: Somewhat outdated today, but occasionally seen as a middle name.

• Patience: Along with Prudence, the oldest-sounding Puritan virtue name to survive to the modern era. Not very popular, and unlikely to increase in use.

None of the names used for boys ever made it into broad circulation, which isn't very surprising when you consider how strange these names really were. It's one thing to give your child a somewhat odd or unusual biblical name, like Job or Magog, but it's quite another to brand him with a moniker like Helpless, No-merit, or Repentance.

Thoroughly Modern Melody

As a naming fashion, virtue names kept on burbling along for many years as a fairly minor tributary to the naming pool. The fashion ebbed and flowed a bit, but it stayed in place fairly well until the beginning of the twentieth century. At that time, most of these names were seen as outdated remnants of eras gone by, and they were discarded for names that were more fashionable and mainstream.

It took the social unrest and turmoil of the 1960s to bring virtue names back into at least some semblance of fashion, and it was the hippies who did it. They may not have trusted anyone over 30, but they did unknowingly embrace a naming fashion that even their parents thought was out of date. The rallying cry at the love-ins and peace marches was "make love, not war," and many participants practiced what they preached. Lots of babies were conceived at this time, and some of them received classic virtue names, including Harmony, Freedom, Bliss, and Peace.

Hidden Virtues

The use of abstract virtues as names has once again fallen from the spotlight in the world of popular name fashions, but it's by no means dead and buried. In 1997, such virtuous names as Destiny, Faith, Serena, Precious, Chastity, and Divine were given often enough to make it onto the 1,000 most popular names list for girls. Boys' names on the list included Justice, Blessing, and Peerless. What has fallen from favor, how­ever, is the use of some of the most classic abstract virtues as names. Perhaps, unlike the Puritans and the hippies, we find that these names make too strong a statement in an age when being politically correct is of such great concern. However, many parents are still giving their children virtue names. They just don't realize it.

The first things most parents look for when they choose a name are the sound and the feel of that name, not what it means. That consideration comes later-if at all-and it's for this reason that almost every baby book (including this one) is formatted by name, not meaning. This doesn't enable an easy search for a virtuous name should you want to find one, but don't let this stop you. They can be relatively easy to find if you know how to look for them. Read Virtue Names and Their Meanings to get you started.

Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Baby Names © 1999 by Sonia Weiss. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.

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